Hinge



M. SCHNUR Nov. 16, 1954 HINGE 2 Sheets-Sheet l Filed Aug. 5, 1952 m .im n ml. 2 A 2 INVENTOR: MATHEw scHNuR M Ma/6% ATTORN EY M. SCHNUR Nov. 16, 1954 HINGE 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed Aug. 5, 1952 ATTORNEY United States Patent() HINGE Mathew Schnur, Chicago, Ill.

Application August 5, 1952, Serial No. 302,670

16 Claims. (Cl. 16-164) This invention relates to hinges, and more particularly, iraq hinges of the type commonly referred to as concealed mges.

Concealed hinges of the general character to which my invention relates have heretofore been known in the art. However, hinges of this general character which have been previously known have had several inherent disadvantages such as, for example, being complicated in construction; being weak in supporting strength; being so constructed that they necessarily were relatively large in size so that they were not practical for use on smaller doors and the like; being so constructed that, in operation, it was necessary to maintain an excessively great clearance between the door and the jamb when the door was closed to permit the door to be swung open and closed without rubbing on the door jamb; not supporting the door firmly on the door jamb so that the door was loose thereon; or being so constructed that it required an exceptionally highly skilled carpenter or cabinet maker to properly install such a concealed hinge. It is a primary object of my invention to afford a novel concealed hinge whch overiCC An ancillary object is to afford a novel hinge of the aforementioned type wherein the main supporting links are supported by the hinge plate in a novel manner during opening and closing movements of the hinge.

Another object of my invention is to afford a novel hinge of the aforementioned type which embodies a plurality of supporting links mounted on fixed and movable pivots in a novel and expeditious manner.

Yet another object of my invention is to provide a novel hinge of the aforementioned type wherein a plurality of supporting links are supported, in part, on other links and the supporting links and o'ther links are constituted and arranged in a novel and expeditious manner.

Other and further objects of the present invention will be apparent from the following description and claims and are illustrated in the accompanying drawings which, by way of illustration, showv a preferred embodiment of the present invention and the principle thereof and what I now consider to be the best mode in which I have contemplated applying that principle. Other embodiments of the invention embodying the same or equivalent principles may be used and structural changes may be made as desired by those skilled in the art without departing from the present invention and the purview of the appended claims.

In the drawings:

Fig. 1 is a front elevational view of a hinge embodying the principles of my invention, and showing the hinge comes the aforementioned disadvantages of concealed hinges heretofore known in the art.

An important object of my invention is to provide a hinge of the aforementioned character which may be quickly and easily mounted in operative position on a door and its supporting member in a manner requiring a minimum of mechanical skill.

Another object of my invention is to enable a novel hinge of the aforementioned character to be constructed in such a manner that a plurality of stacked link members may afford the main supporting members between the two principal hinge portions, and the parts of the hinge are so constituted and arranged that during opening and closing movements of the hinge, the aforementioned links maintain broad supporting contact with each other to provide strong support between the two aforementioned principal hinge portions. Y

Another important objectof my invention is to enable a hinge of the aforementioned type to be constructed in such a manner that during the initial opening movement from closed position and during final closing movement from open position, the hinge parts move toward and away from each other in substantially a straight line motion so that a door may be mounted with this hinge on a jamb with minimum of clearance between the door and the jamb when the door is disposed in closed position, the l Another common disadvantage of concealed hinges l heretofore known in the art has been that the mounting thereof requires the removal of too much wood from a door and door jamb. It is an object of my invention to afford a novel hinge of the aforementioned character which requires the removal of a minimum amount of wood from the door and door jamb in which the hinge is to be mounted.

A further object of my invention is to afford a novel hinge of the aforementioned type which, when mounted in operative position, is effectively concealed by a hinge plate.

at it appears when disposed in fully open postion on a door and door jamb; F Fig. 2 is a side elevational view of the hinge shown in Fig. 3 is a top plan view of the hinge shown in Fig. l but showing the hinge disposed in closed position;

Fig. 4 is a rear elevational view of the hinge shown in Fig. 3;

Fig. 5 is a detail view taken substantially along the line 5-5 in Fig. 4;

Figs. 6, 7, 8 and 9 are detail sectional views, similar to Fig. 5, but showing the hinge parts in different positions as the hinge is moved from fully closed position shown in Fig. 5 to fully open position shown in Fig. 9; and

Fig. l0 is an enlarged top plan view of one of the principal supporting links of the hinge shown in Figs. l to 9, inclusive, with diagrammatic references shown thereon.

For the purpose of illustrating the principles of my invention, a hinge 20 of the concealed hinge type, comprising a preferred embodiment of my invention, is shown in the drawings comprising, in general, two body members or housing 22 and 23 on which are mounted two mounting plates or hinge plates 25 and 26, respectively, and between which housings 22 and 23 extend a stack S of loadcarrying links or plates 28 and 29, the links 28 and 29 being pivotally mounted in the housing 22 and 23 and affording the main supporting members between the housings 22 and 23 as will be discussed in greater detail hereinafter.

The hinge 20 may be `used in mounting doors of larger structures such as, for example, houses, office buildings and the like, or of smaller structures such as cabinets, chests, and the like, different sizes of the hinges being used for mounting different sizes and weights of doors. Whether the hinge 20 is used for mounting a door on such larger or smaller structures, either the housing 22 or the housing 23 thereof is mounted in operaitve position on the door and the other housing 23 or 22, respectively, is mounted in operative position on the supporting member or jamb on which the door is to be hung.

`For thevpurpose of illustrating my invention, the hinge 20 is shown in the accompanying drawings mounted in a door D and a jamb I, Figs. 1, and 5-9, with the housing 22 disposed in concealed position in an opening P1 formed in the jamb J, and the housing 23 disposed in concealed position in an opening Pz formed in the door D. However, it will be appreciated that this is by way of illustration and not by way of limitation and that the housings 22 and 23 may be reversed without departing from the purview of my invention. f

The housing 22, Figs. 3 and 4, is substantially U-shaped and embodies two substantially parallel side walls 22a and 22h interconnected by a third wall 22C. The housing 22 is open at the side opposite the Wall 22e and is open at its ends 22d and22'e, hereinafter referred to as the outer and inner ends thereof, respectively. The side walls 22a and 22h of the housing 22, Fig. 4, are bent outwardly adjacent the inner end 22e to affordfianges 3`1 and 32l respectively,.thereon on which'the hingerplate may'be mountedland towhich itl may besecuredby suitable means such as pins orrivets`34I projecting from the' inner face of the hinge plate 25` and extending through the angesl and32;

TheY housing 23, like the housing-22 is also substantially U-shaped, Figs. 3` an'd 4, and embodies side walls 23a,.23b, and23c, corresponding tothe aforementioned side walls 22a, 22h, and 22e, respectively, of the housing 22'. Likewise, the housing 23 is open4 at the side opposite the Wall 23e and hasropen outer and inner ends 23d and 23e.' LikeV the side walls 22a and 22h of the housing 22, the side walls 23a and 23h' of the housing 23'- are bent outwardly adjacent the inner end 23e to aff'ord anges 36 and37respectively, oniwhich the hinge plate' 26 maybe mounted and may be secured by suitable fastening members such as pinsorsthe rivets'38 carried by the hinge .plate 26.

As is best seen in Figs; 5 to 10,' inclusive, each of the load-carrying links 28 and 29 embodies a substantially 'shaped arm 41 onY one endthereof and a substantially S -shaped arm 42 on the other end thereof. Thearm 41 has a longer leg 44 and a shorterleg 45, with the shorter leg 4S projecting from the longer leg 44, in a direction generally inwardy toward the. S-shaped' arm 42. SLshape'd armY 42 has one leg 47 curved inwardly to) atford an outer bend: or recess 47a, and anotherleg 48 curved outwardlyto a'ordan inner bend or recess 48a;

As is best seen in Fig. l0, the legs 48. and 44 of the substantially S-shaped arm 42' and the substantially r L-shaped arm 41, respectively, are joined together. and form the inner end portions thereof. Thelegf47 of the substantially S-shaped arm 42`and the legr45l of theV substantially L-shaped arm 41 afford the extreme end portions of eachof the links 28 and 29.

It will be' seen that the L-shaped: arm 41 is consider.- ably larger in cross-sectionalk area than the S'-shaped arm 42, and tapers relatively gradually outwardly from its connection with the S`shaped arm 42 so that the leg 45 thereof is considerably larger in area than. the inner leg,44. Also,l it will be seen that' the inner end portion of the S-shaped arm 42 is considerablysmaller in crosssection than the outer end portion thereof, the leg 47 thereof being of. sufficient cross-sectional area to afford arstrong bearing surface for a pinto bel extended therethrough as will'be discussed'in greater detail presently.

The hinge plates 25' and 26each have an inner edge 25a` and 26a, respectively, which, as best seen in Fig. l, is the edge of the respective plate disposed adjacent to the other of the plates when the hinge is* in open position. Each of. the hinge plates 25 and 26 also has a substantially U-shaped'or channel-shaped opening or recess 25b and`26h formed therein, respectively, and which recesses extend inwardly from the respective inner edges 25a and 26a and are disposed substantially centrally of the length of the hinge plates 25 and 26 in alignmentwith the open ends 22e and' 23eV of thev housing 2'2" and`23, respectively:

As will be appreciated by those skilled in the art, any suitable means for securing the hinge plates 25 and 26 to a door' jamb and a door, respectively, such as the jamb I vand the doorl D, shown in the drawings, may be used without departing from the purview of rny invention. However, I prefer to use two countersunkscrew holes 50, above each of the recesses 25h and 261) in the hingeplates 25 and 26, and two counter-sunk screw holes 51 below each of the recesses'ZSb and 26h, Fig. l`. With this construction, the housings 22 and 23 may be inserted into the' openings Pi and P2 in the iamb l and' the door D, respectively, with the hinge plates 25 and 26` mounted in complementary recesses 21 and 27, respectively, and screws such as screws 52, Fig. 9 may be inserted through the holes and 51 to secure the h'inge'plates 25 and 26,- and, therefore, the hinge 20 to the doorD and the door iamb .l with the outer faces of the heads of' the screws 52 disposed flush with the outer faces. of the hinge plates 25 and 26 so as not to inter- The fere with the hinge 20 or the openingand closing of the Y door D.

Also; by providing the two screw holes S0 and 51 in the upper and lower portions of the hinge plates 25 and 26', respectively;v of mynovel hinge 20, a workman is permitted, by using only one of each of the upper and lower holes to make the initial installation of the hinge in the door and door jamb, and if it is found necessary to move the hinge plates 25 and 26 this may be done and still provide a full bight for a screw to be inserted through the other of eachy of the two holes without the initial screw hole formed inthe door or the door jamb interfering with the proper support of the hinge 20.

In my novelphinge 20,- Figs. 1 and 5-9, the links 28 are mounted in and extend between the housings 22 and 23 with. the free. end portion ofthe arm 41 disposed in the housing 22 and the free end portion of the arm 42 disposed in the housnig- 2'3. lt will be seen that the links 29 are also mounted in and extend between the housings 22 and 23 but are disposed in reverse position to that of the links 28, that is, the free end portion of the-armE 41': of-th'e link 29 is mounted in the housing 23, andfthefree end' portion of the arm 42 ofthe link 29is mounted in the housingZZ.

The central portions of the links 28 and` 29l in the stack'S, Figs; l, 2 and"5, arepivotallyconnected, for rotation therearound, bya pin 53"which extends therethrough and is carried' thereby. ln the stack S', shown in the drawings', I have embodied-eight links, four links 28 and fourlinks 29, but it willfbe appreciated by those skilled in the artI that this is merely by way of illustration and not by way of limitation, and? that a greater or lesser number ofA links 28 and 29 may be used without departing from the purview-of my invention.

Two other links or auxiliary links 55 and 56, and two other links' or auxiliarylinks 58 and 59, Figs. l, 4 and 5', are mounted in thek housings 22 and 23, respectively. Thelinks- 55 and 56 are pivotally mounted in' the housing 22 by a pin 61, Figs. 4 and 5, which extends between and is lixedly mounted in the side walls 22a and 22h and extendsthroughl one end portionof each of the links 55 and4 56. The links 58 and 59 are similarly mounted in therhousing 23vby a pin 63 which extends between and is mounted in the side walls 23a and 23h.

The free end portions-of the links 55 and 56 are pivotally secured to the leg 47 of the S-shaped arm 42 of each of the load-carrying links 29 by means of a movable pin 65, Fig. 4', which extends through and is carried by the links 55 and 56 and the legs 47 of the links 295 Similarly, the free end portions of the links S8 and 59 arepivotally connected to the legs 47 of the S-shaped arms 42` of each ofthe load-carrying links 28 by means of a pinV 66, Figs. 4 and 5, which extends through and is carried by the links 58l and 59 and the legs 47 of the linksr28, and' isretained in operative position in the links 28, 58Iand 59y by the side walls 23a and 23h of the housingv 23` which are disposed closely adjacent thereto on opposite sides thereof.

The free end portions of the legs 45 of the L-shaped arms 41 of the load carrying links 28 and 29 are pivotally mounted'in the housings 22 and 23 respectively, by means of pins 68 and 69 which extend through the respective legs 45V of the links 28 and 29 and extend between and are mounted in the sidewalls 22a and 22b, and the side wall's123aand23b, respectively, in engagement with the adjacent faces ofthe hinge plates 25 and 26, respectively.

Thus' it willbe seen that, in general, during opening and closing movement of the door D relative to the door jamb I vthe links 28 and 29 pivot relative to the housing 22' and-23` around the tixed pins 68 and 69, respectively, and pivot relative to each other around the pin 53, and, in addition, the levers55 and 56 and the leversl 58 and S9 pivot around the pivots 69 and 68, fixedly mounted in theA housings 22 and 23, to thereby swing the legs 47 of the links 29' and 28 around the pins 61 and 63, respectively.

I have found that the proper location of the pivots 53, 61, 63, 65, 66, 68, and 69, relative to each other is ofV great importance in the proper construction and operation ofv my novel hinge. To illustrate the desired location ofy these pivot points relative to each other, I have shown diagrammatically in Fig. 10, one of the links 28 with certain dimensional lines shown thereon, the lengths of the respective lines being indicated by the reference numerals or formulae AX, BX, CX, DX, and Y, respectively.

As will be seen in Fig. 10, the dimension line CX is the lstraight line'v or' distance between the center-lines of the pins 66 and 68; the dimension line BX is the straight line or distance between the center-lines 'of the pins 66 and 63; the dimension AX indicates the distance inwardly along the line CX toward the pin 68 that a line through the center of the pin 63 and perpendicular to the line CX is spaced from a line through the center of the pin 66 and perpendicular to the line CX when the hinge 20 is disposed in closed door position as illustrated in Figs. and 10; and the dimension Y indicates the distance inwardly along the line CX toward the pin 66 that a line through the center of the pin 53 and perpendicular to the line CX is spaced from a line through the center of the pin 68 and perpendicular to the line CX. It will be appreciated that the dimensional reference numerals AX-DX and Y apply equally to the corresponding parts of the links 29, which are merely links 28 disposed in reverse position as heretofore mentioned.

It will be seen that with this construction, the included angle between the lines BX and CX is an acute angle in the aforementioned closed door position of the hinge 20 and the fixed pins 63 and 61 are always disposed on the same side of the line CX of the link 28 and 29, respectively, as the pins 53 at all times during the opening and closing of the hinge 20, Figs. 5-9.

The X portion of the dimension lines AX, BX, CX, and DX may be considered a constant in each of those dimensions, and is equal to one-twelfth of the minimum thickness of a door in which the hinge is to be mounted.

Also, the value of the ratio of A to B to C to D from the dimension lines is of great importance in the proper construction and operation of my hinge and I prefer that this ratio be 1.5 to 2.25 to 9 to 4. However, certain variations are permissible in this ratio but for the proper construction and operation of my novel hingefunder all practical conditions, A should not be substantially less in value than 1.47 and not substantially greater in value than 1.53; B should not be substantially less in value than 2.205 and not substantially greater than 2.295; C should not be substantially less in value than 8.82 and not substantially greater in value than 9.18; and D should not be substantially less in value than 3.92 and not substantially greater in value than 4.08.

The dimension Y is of importance in determining the clearance to be provided between the door D and jamb I when the door is disposed in closed position. No initial clearance is needed between the door D and the jamb I for the proper operation of my novel hinge 20, but, in practice, a small clearance is normally provided to allow for coats of finish, swelling, and the like. In my novel hinge 20, the distance Y is equal to the thickness of the hinge plate 25 in the case of the link 28 (hinge plate 26 would be used in the case of the link 29), plus one-half the thickness of the pin 68 (pin 69 would be used in the case of the link 29), plus one-half of the clearance desired between the hinge plates 25 and 26 when the door D is disposed in closed position.

With a hinge constructed in accordance with the principles of my invention and as described above and illustrated in the accompanying drawings and with the ratio A to B to C to D maintained within the previously set forth limits, it will be seen that the opening and closing movement of the hinge 20, as is illustrated in Figs. 5 to 9, inclusive, is such that during initial movement of the door D from closed position toward open position, as is y.illustrated in Figs. 5, 6 and 7, the free ends of the links 55 and S8 (and, therefore, the links 56 and 59) swing inwardly, or toward each other, thereby turning the links 29 and 28 relative to each other in a clockwise and counter-clockwise direction, respectively, as viewed in Fig. 5, to thereby immediately move the pins 68 and 69 away from each other and rapidly move the dor D away from the jamb I and afford adequate clearance between the inner edges of the door D and jamb J so that the door D is free to rotate around the jamb I to fully open position shown in Fig. 9 without the inner edges of the door D and the jamb J contacting each other. This permits a close tting neat appearing construction to be realized in hanging the door D, and insures that the finish on the inner edges of the door D and iamb l will not be marred by striking or rubbing together in the opening and closing operations of the door.

With the parts of the hinge 20 constituted and arranged in the manner illustrated in Figs. 5 to 9, inclusive, it will be seen that movement of the links 55 and 58 (and, therefore, the links 56 and 59) toward eachother continues throughout approximately two-thirds of the movement of the door from fully closed position as shown 1n Fig. 5 toward fully open position as shown 1n Fig. 9.

Thus, Fig. 8 illustrates the approximate position of the door at which the inward swinging movement of the links 55 and 58 ceases, and illustrates approximately the maximum inward motion thereof. During the remaining opening motion of the dor D, that is, from the position shown in Fig. 8 to the position shown in Fig. 9. the motion of the links 55 and 58 around the pins 61 and 63 is reversed and they swing back toward their initial starting positions shown in Fig. 5, or in other words, back toward the inner wall of the pockets P1 and P2 in which the housings 22 and 23, respectively, are mounted in the door jamb I and the door D.

When the door D is disposed in closed position shown in Fig. 5, it will be seen that the pins 63 and 61 are disposed in the outer bends or recesses 47a in the S-shaped arms 42 of the load carrying links 28 and 29 respectively, whereas the fixed pins 68 and 69 are disposed in spaced relation to the S-shaped arms 42 of either of the links 28 or 29. However, as the door D swings from the closed position shown in Fig. 5 into the fully open position shown in Fig. 9, wherein the door is swung through an arc of one hundred and eighty degrees, the pins 63 and 61 are displaced from the outer bends or recesses 47a, and the fixed pins 68 and 69 on the links 28 and 29, respectively, move into engagement with the inner bends or recesses 48a in the S-shaped arms 42 of the load carrying links 29 and 28, respectively.

It will be seen that during such movement of the door D from closed position to fully open position as illusltrated in Figs. 5 to 9, inclusive, each of the links 28 and 29 maintains direct contact over an extensive portion of the adjacent links 28 and 29 and thereby preserve good strong metal-to-metal support for the door D during this swinging movement.

Furthermore, as shown in Fig. l, it will be seen that the lowermost plate in the stack S, shown to be a plate 28, during such swinging movement of the door D is engaged with the edge portion of the plate 25 defining the lower edge of the recess 25b and the uppermost plate in the stack S, shown as a plate 29, is engaged with the edge portion of the plate 26 forming the upper edge of the recess 26b so that the stack S of plates 28 and 29 at all times directly rests on an edge portion of the plate 25, and an edge of the plate 26 at all times rests on the stack S of plates 28 and 29 to thereby give further direct support to the door D which supplements the support afforded thereto by the pins.

As is best seen in Fig. 5, the door D, shown in the accompanying drawings, is an outwardly swinging door. having an outer face 81 and an inner face 82, the edge 81a of the face 81 being the'corner of the door D around which the latter swings during opening and closing movements.

In mounting the hinge 20 in operative position on the door D, it is normally mounted closer to the outer face 81 than to the inner face 82, as shown in Fig. 5. This is done because it is around the corner 81a on the face 81 that the door swings in opening and closing movements and the distance between the face 81 and the hinge 20 is desirablv as short as practicable so that the clearance between the door D and jamb I when the door D is closed, may be as small as possible while still insuring that the door D and jamb l will clear each other properly during opening and closing movements of the door D.

The mounting of the hinges so as to provide free swinging movement of doors without maintaining undesirable and unsightly clearances between the door and the jamb has been one of the inherent diculties encountered in concealed hinges heretofore known in the art. Because of the construction and mode of operation of concealed hinges of the general type to which my invention relates and heretofore known in the art, one of the principal diiiiculties commonly encountered therewith has been that, in order to maintain the initial clearance between the door and the iamb at a suitablyshort distance, it was necessary to install the hinge so close to one face of the door as to seriously endanger or impair the strength of the wood between that face of the'door andthe hinge.

Another common disadvantage of such concealed hinges heretofore known has been that, even when the thickness of the wood between the hinge and the face of the door around which the door opens was, if properly mainmean-,olie

tained at itsV maximum permissible; amount-, sulcient: to afordadequate strength ltol that portion of the door, the permissible thickness was. so small that the pocket in which the hinge was mounted? in the door had to be formed so carefully as to require exceptionallycareful work of a highlyfskilled carpenter or` cabinet maker.y

Because of this, and because some carpentersand-zcabinet makers are necessarily less skilled than others, serious diculties were often encountered in mounting hinges heretofore known in the art, such as, for example, that this portion of the door was actually crackedor broken during mounting of the hinge, or that this'portion was cut or weakened in such a manner that it subsequentlybroke out or cracked.

An important aspect of my invention is that I have atiorded a novel hinge wherein the parts are constituted and arranged in such a manner that the hinge may be mounted in a door and a jamb in such position that it is insured that a suilicient thickness ofmaterial will be maintained between the face 81 of the door and the pocket in which the hinge is mounted to insure proper strength of the door being hung. One-of the principal reasons why this is true with my-invention is that with a door mounted on hinges constructed in accordance with the principles of my invention the movement ofthe door'subsrantially directly away from, and directly toward the iarnb during the initial opening,A and iinal closing movements of the door, respectively, is such that a relatively great thickness of wood may be maintained between the hinge and the adjacent face ofthe door while still insuring that the door and jamb will clear properly even though a desirably small initialclearance isprovided-between the door and jamb when the door is closed. With my novel hinge, the permissible thicknessof wood between the hinge and the adjacent face of the door is-suiriciently great that a carpenter or mechanic of a minimum degree of skill may readily form the pockets in the door and the jamb with a chisel and still be assured that minor errors in such forming of the pockets caused by normal slips of the unskilled mechanic wont crack or break that portion of the door or reduce the critical'thickness thereof to such an extent that it subsequently cracks.

Thus, for example, using my novel hinge, and mounting the same in a door three-fourths of an inch thick as is often used in cabinet work, a hinge having a length of approximately nine-sixteenths of an inch and a width of approximately seven-sixteenths of an inch may be readily used. With this construction, and maintaining an initial clearance of one-sixteenth of an inch between the door D and the jamb I, the pocket P2 may be formed in the door D with a thickness of three thirty-seconds of an inch remaining between the pocket P2 and the face 81 of the door D. With this distance maintained between the pocket P2 and face 81 it will be seen that, if the pocket P2 were formed to exactly fit the housing 23 of the hinge 2i), a thickness of wood equal to seven thirtyseconds of an inch would remain between the pocket P2 and the inner face 82 of the door.

It will be seen by those skilled inthe art that by maintaining the thickness between face 81 of the pocket P2 at substantially three thirty-seconds of an inch, the other dimensions of the pocket P2 may be increased so asto aifofd ample space for ready insertion of the housing 23 in the door D. Thus, for example, it will be seen that the pocket P2 may be increased in size as shown and in the direction indicated in broken lines in Fig. 5 without impairing the strength of the door D.

As shown in Fig. 5, the jamb I embodies an end face 84, an inner face 85 and an outer face S6. The inner edge 84a of the end face 84 is the corner of the jamb I around which the door D swings during opening and closing movements of the latter, and the pocket P1 is normally disposed inwardly from the edge 84a a distance equal to the thickness of the wood between the pocket P2 and the face 81 of the door. Thus, in mounting a hinge 20 of the aforementioned dimensions in a jamb J having a thickness of three-fourths of an inch, the pocket P1 may be formed with a thickness of wood remaining between the pocket P1 and the face S4 equal to three thirty-seconds of an inch. With the inner face of the hinge plate 25 mounted ush with face 85 of the jamb J, Fig. 5, the outer end 22dV of the housing 22 is disposed three-sixteenths of an inch from the outer face 86 of the jamb J'.

Thusgitwill benseen that, whilemaintaining-the thick D QSS; lleivtfeen;the` end; face;- 84., and thepocket. P1, the

pocket Pil, like the. pocket P2 may be increased in size in. other.` directionssuch as, for example, as shown in brokenlines in Fig. 5, so as to afford ample space for the insertionof'the housing 22 in the pocket P1.

Thus, inv mounting the hinge 20 on a door D and a jambJ aiworkman may start the pockets P1 and P2 three thirty-seconds of an inch inwardly from the inner edge of a three-quarter inch door and jamb and, using a chisel, may quickly form the pockets P1 and P2 of suicient size toyreceivethe housings 22 and 23, respectively. Considerable latitude is afforded the workman in forming the pockets P1. and P2 because the hinge plates 25 and 26 extend considerably beyond the housings 21 and 23 in the necessary directions to insure that the hinge plates 26V and 2S will` cover the larger hole formed in the door and in the jamb, respectively.

Fromthe foregoing it will be seen that I have afforded a novel hinge which may be readily and economically constructed commercially and wherein the parts are constituted and arranged in a novel and expeditious manner to aiordia compact, strong hinge which will firmly support a door on a door jarnb and which will permit a minimum initial clearance to be maintained between the door and the jamb when the door is in closed position while still affording ample clearance for swinging movement of the door relative to the j amb.

In addition it will be seen that I have aiorded a novel and practical hinge which may be readily mounted in a door and a jamb by a relatively unskilled mechanic.

Thus, while I'have illustrated and described the preferred embodiment of my invention, it is to be understood that this is capable of variation and modification, and l'therefore do not wish to be limited to the precise details set forth, but desire to avail myself of such changes and alterations as fall within the purview of the following claims.

I claim:

l. In a hinge, two body members movable between fully open and fully closed positions relative to each other, and means pivotally connecting said body memhersV to-each other, said means comprising two elongated link members, means pivotally connecting said link members; together, means pivotally connecting one end portion of each of said link members to a respective one of said body members, two other elongated link members, pivot means pivotally connecting one end portion of each of said other link members to a respective one of said body members, and other pivot means pivotally connecting the other end-portion of each of said other link membersfto a respective one of said first mentioned link members, said other pivot means being so spaced relative to said first mentioned pivot means and to said means pivotallyy connecting said one end portion of said rst mentioned link members to said body members that, during relative movement of said body members from fully closed to fully open position, said other pivot means iirst. move toward and then move away from said means pivotally connecting said rst mentioned link members to said bodymembers.

2. In a hinge, two body members, each of said body members having two side edges, an inner end portion and an outer-end portion, said body members being movable relative to each other between a normally closed position, wherein said body members are disposed in substantially longitudinal alignment with each other, and a normally open position wherein said body members are disposed in substantially side byside alignment with each other, and means pivotally connecting said body members together for movement relative to each other between said open and closed positions, said means cornprising two elongated link members pivotally connected to each other, each of said link members having one end portion pivotally connected to arespective one of said body members adjacent one side and in said inner end portion thereof, two other link members, each of said other. link members having one end portion pivotally connected to a respective one of saidbody members in said outer end portionthereof, the other end portion of each of said first mentioned link members being pivotally connectedto the other endtportion of said other link member mounted on the other body member-opposite to the one-,t0 which the respective iirst mentioned link member is pivotallyonnected, one portion of each of said other' link members-heingdisposed further from said one side S ofg'said-gbodnmember to whichbody member the'respective other link member is connected than said other end portion of the same other link member.

3. In a hinge, a first body member, a second body member, each of said body members having an inner end, an outer end, a first side, and a second side, and means pivotally connecting said body members together for movement relative to each other between open and closed positions, said inner yends being disposed between said outer ends and said first sides being disposed in substantially longitudinal alignment with each other when said body members are in closed position, said first sides being disposed closer together than said second sides when said body members are disposed in open position, said means comprising a first, a second, a third, and a fourth link member, each of said link members having a first end portion and a second end portion, said first and second link members being pivotally connected together in juxtaposition to each other, means pivotally mounting said first end portion of said first and thirdlink members on said first body member in respective opposite end portions of the latter, said last-named means comprising two pivot pins mounted on said first body member in laterally stationary position thereon, each of said pivot pins being mounted on said first end portion of a respective one of said first and third link members, means pivotally mounting said first end portion of said second and fourth linkmembers on said second body member in respective opposite end portions of the latter, said last-named means comprising two pivot pins mounted on said second body member in laterally stationary position thereon, each of said last mentioned two pivot pins being mounted on said first end portion of a respective one of said second and fourth link members, and two other pivot pins, each of said other pivot pins being mounted on said second end portion of a respective one of said first and second link members and being mounted on said second end portion of said fourth and third link members, respectively, to thereby pivotally connect said first and second link members to said fourth and third link members, respectively, said first end portion of said third and fourth link members being further from said first side of the respective body members than said second end portion of each respective latter link member when said body members are disposed in said closed position.

4. In a hinge, two housings movable between fully closed and fully open position relative to each other, two elongated link members extending between said housings, each of said link members having one end portion that is substantially L-shaped and another end portion that is substantially S-shaped, said S-shaped end portion having an outer recess and an inner recess, said one end portion of each of said link members being mounted in a respective one of said housings and the other of said end portions thereof being mounted in the other of said housings, pivot means mounted on said link members and pivotally interconnecting said link members, fixed pivot means mounted in each housing and extending through said one end portion of said link member mounted in said housing, two other link members, each of said other link members being mounted in a respective one of said housings, fixed pivot means mounted in each of said housings and extending through said other link member therein, and movable pivot means mounted in each of said housings and extending between and pivotally interconnecting said other link member and said other end portion of said first mentioned link member disposed in said respective housing, said first mentioned and second mentioned fixed pivot means and said movable pivot means in each of said housings being so disposed relative to each other that, when said housings are disposed in said fully closed position, said second mentioned fixed pivot means in said housing is disposed in said outer recess in said other end portion mounted in said housing and said first mentioned fixed pivot means in said housing is disposed in spaced relation to said inner recess in said other end portion mounted in said housing, and, when said housings are disposed in said fully open position said second mentioned fixed pivot in said housing is disposed in spaced relation to said outer recess in said other end portion mounted in said housing and said first mentioned fixed pivot means in said housing is disposed in said inner recess in said other end portion mounted in said housing.

5. A hinge comprising two substantially U-shaped housings each having two substantially parallel side walls, a third sidewall interconnecting said two side walls, and

an open side opposite said third side wall, said housings being relatively movable between a closed position and an open position, said third side walls on said housings being disposed in substantially the same plane when said housings are disposed in said closed position, a plurality of elongated link members extending between said housings, pivot means extending through and pivotally interconnecting said link members, a portion of said link members having one end portion mounted in one of said housf ings and the remainder of said link members having the corresponding one end portion mounted in the other of said housings, each of said link members having another end portion mounted in the housing other than that in which said one end portion thereof is mounted, fixed pivot means mounted in each of said housings and extending through said one end portion of said links disposed in that housing, other link members mounted in each of said housings, two fixed pivot members, each of said pivot members being mounted in and extending between said two parallel side walls in a respective one of said housings and extending through said other link members in said respective housings, and movable pivot means mounted in each of said housings and connecting said other link members therein to said other ends of said rst mentioned link members mounted in said housing, said fixed pivot means in each of said housings being disposed closer to said open side of said housing than to said third side wall, and said movable pivot means in each of said housings being closer than said fixed pivot members therein to said open side of said housing when said housings are disposed in said closed position.

6. A hinge as defined in claim 5 and in which said movable pivot means in each of said housings is so disposed relative to said fixed pivot members and fixed pivot means in said housings that during relative movement of said housings from closed position to fully open position said movable pivot means in each housing is closer to said fixed pivot means therein at a partially open position of said housings than at either said closed position or said fully open position.

7. A hinge comprising two substantially U-shaped housings each having two substantially parallel side walls, a third side wall interconnecting said two side walls, and an open side opposite said third side wall, said housings being relatively movable between a closed position and an open position, said third side walls on said housings being disposed in substantially the same plane when said housings are disposed in said closed position, a plurality of elongated link members extending between said housings, pivot means extending through and pivotally interconnecting said link members, a portion of said link members having one end portion mounted in one of said housings and the remainder of said link members having the corresponding one end portion mounted in the other of said housings, each of said link members having another end portion mounted in the housing other than that in which said one end portion thereof is mounted, fixed pivot means mounted in each of said housings and extending through said one end portion of said links disposed in that housing, other link means mounted in each of said housings, fixed pivot means mounted in each of said housings and extending through said other link members therein, and movable pivot means mounted in each of said housings and connecting said other link members therein to said other ends of said first mentioned link members mounted in said housing, said first mentioned fixed pivot means in each of said housings being disposed closer to said y,open side of said housing than to said third side wall, and said movable pivot means in each of said housings being closer than said second mentioned fixed pivot means therein to said open side of said housing when said housings are disposed in said closed position, the included angle between a line extending between the centers of said first mentioned pivot means and said movable pivot means in each housing and a line extending between the centers of said movable pivot means and said second fixed pivot means in said housing being an acute angle when said housings are disposed in said open position, said second fixed pivot means being disposed closer to said open sides than said first mentioned pivot means.

8. A hinge comprising two substantially U-shaped housings, each of said housings having two substantially parallel side walls, a third side wall interconnecting f said two walls, one open side opposite said third wall,

and two open ends, said housings being relatively, moyable into and out of a closed position, said third side walls on said housings being disposed in substantially the same plane when said housings are disposed in closed position and being disposed in different planes when said housings are disposed out of said closed position, two hinge-plates, each of said hinge-plates being mounted on one open end of a respective one of said housings and having a central opening therein which is complementary to and in alignment with said open end, said hinge-plates being disposed between said two housings, when said housings are disposed in said closed position, ya stack of elongated links disposed in juxtaposition to each other, pivot means extending through and pivotally interconnecting said links, said links extending between said housings with the bottom link in said stack resting on one of said hinge-plates, each of said links having one end portion which is larger in cross-sectional area than the other end portion, said one end portion of alternate ones of each of said links being mounted in one of said housings and said one end portion of the remainder of said links being mounted in the other of said housings, the other end portion of each of said links being mounted in the housing other than that in which said one end portion of said link is mounted, fixed pivot means mounted in said two side walls of each of said housings and extending through said one end portion of said links mounted in that respective housing, two pairs of other elongated links mounted in said housings, each of said pairs of other links being mounted in a respective one of said housings with one end portion of each link in each pair disposed in juxtaposition to said other end of one of said first mentioned links in the opposite side of said stack of said first mentioned links from the other of said links in said pair, movable pivot means in each of said housings and extending through said one end portion of said pair of other links disposed ytherein and through said other ends of said first mentioned links mounted in said housing, and two fixed pivot members, each of said pivot members being mounted in said two side walls of a respective one of said housings and extending through said pair of other links in that housing, said fixed pivot means being disposed closer to said open side in the respective one of said housings than to said third side wall, and said movable pivot means in each of said housings being closer than said fixed pivot members therein to said openside of said housing when said housings are disposedV in said closed position.

9. A hinge comprising two body members, each-of said body members having two side edges, an inner end portion, and an outer end portion, said body members being movable relative to each other between'a normally closed position, wherein said body members are disposed in substantially longitudinal alignment with each other, and a normally open position wherein said body members are disposed in substantially side-by-side alignment with each other, four elongated link members, a respective pair of said link members being disposed in each of said body members, each of said link members in each pair having one end portion pivotally connected to said respective body member, and means interconnecting-said pairs of link members for pivotally connecting said body members together for movement relative to each other between said Open and closed positions, said means comprising laminae disposed between said two link members in each of said pairs, said laminae consisting ofa plurality of other etongated link members, and means pivotally connecting said other link members together, predetermined ones of said other link members each having one end pivotally connected to a respective lone of said body members adjacent one of said side edges thereof and the other end pivotally connected to the other end portions of the two said first mentioned link members in the other body member, the remainder of said other link members each having one end pivotally connected to the last mentioned other body member adjacent one of said side edges thereof and the other end pivotally connected to the other end portions of the two said first mentioned link members in said one body member, said one end portion of each of said first mentioned Vlink members being disposed further from said one side edge of said body member to which the respective first mentioned link member is connected than said other end portion of thesame first mentionedl link member.

l0. In a hinge, two body members movable relative to each other between open and closed position land each having an inner end portion and an youter end portion, two elongated link members mounted on and extending etween said body members, a first pin pivotally connecting said two link members together, two second pins, each or' said second pins being mounted on one end of a respective one of said link members and on a respective one of said body members in the inner end portion of the latter for pivotally connecting said one end of each link member to a respective body member, two other link members, two third pins, each of said third pins being mounted on the other end of a respective one ofsaid first mentioned link members and on one end of a respective one of said other link members for pivotally connecting each of said first mentioned link members to a respective one of said other link members, and two fourth pins, each of said fourth pins being mounted on the other end of a respective one of said other link members and in the outer end portion of the body member opposite the body member on which is mounted by one of said second pins said one end of the respective first mentioned link member to which said respective other link member .is connected by one of said third pins, said second pin and said third pin mounted on each respective one of said first mentioned link members being separated from each other along a predetermined first distance along a first straight line, said first pin being spaced from each 'of said first straight lines a predetermined second distance along a second line perpendicular to said respective first straight line, each or' said second lines being disposed along said respective one straight line from said second pin on each of said first mentioned links toward said third pin on said latter link a predetermined third distance, saidvthird and fourth pins on each of said other links being separated from each other a fourth distance, said other link mounted on each of said first-mentioned links being disposed at such an angle thereto when-said body members are disposed in said closed position that said fourth pin thereon is disposed on the same side of said respective first line as said first pin and that a line running through said fourth pin on said other link and perpendicular to said respective rst line on the respective first mentioned link to which said other link is connected is disposed inwardly along said respective first straight line'toward said respective second pin and from said respective third pin a predetermined fifth distance.

ll. The combination defined in claim 10 and in which the ratio of said fourth distance to said fifth distance is not substantially less than 2.205 to 1.53 and not substantially more than 2.295 to 1.47, and in which the ratio of said first distance to said second distance is not substantially less than 8.82 to 4.08 and not substantially more than '9.18 to 3.92.

l2. The combination dened in claim l0 and in which the ratio of said fourth distance to said fifth distance is not substantially less than 2.205X to 1.53K and not substantialiy more than 2.295X to 1.47K, and in which the ratio of said first distance to said second distance is not substantially less than 8.82K to 4.08K and not substantially more than 9.18X to 3.92X, and in which X equals substantially one-twelfth the thickness of the doorA in which the hinge is to be used.

13. The combination dened in claim l0 and in which the ratio of said fourth distance to said'iifth distance is not substantially less than 2.205 to 1.53 and not substantially more than 2.295 to 1.47, and in which the ratio of said first distance to said second distance is-not substantially less than 8.82 to 4.08 and not substantially more `than 9.18 to 3.92, and which includes two hinge plates, each of said hinge plates being mounted on a respective one of said body members and disposed between said body members when said body members are inv closed position, and in which said third distance equals the thickness of one of said hinge plates plus one-half the thickness of the adjacent one of said second pins plus one-half the clearance desired between said hinge plates when said bodymembersare in said closed position.

i4. The combination defined in claim yl0 and'in which the ratio of ysaid fourth distance to said fifth distance .is

not substantially less than 2.205X-to 1.53X and not substantially more than 2295K to 1.47X and in which -the ratio of said first distance to said second distance fis not substantially lessthan 8.82K to 4.08)( and `notfsubstantially more than 9.18Xto 3.92K,- andfwhiehhincldes'two are.

hinge plates, each of said hinge plates being mounted on a respective one of said body members and disposed between said body members when said body members are in closed position, and in which said third distance equals the thickness of one of said hinge plates plus one-half the thickness of the adjacent one of said second pins plus onehalf the clearance desired between said hinge plates when said body members are in said closed position, and in which X equals substantially one-twelfth the minimum thickness of the door in which the hinge is to be used.

15. 'I'he combination defined in claim 10 and in which the ratio of said fth distance to said fourth distance to said iirst distance to said second distance is substantially equal to 1 to 2 to 9 to 4.

16. The combination defined in claim 10 and in which 15 the ratio of said fifth distance to said fourth distance to said rst distance to said second distance is substantially equal to 1X to 2X to 9X to 4X, and in which X equals substantially one-twelfth the minimum thickness of the 5 door in which the hinge is to be used.

References Cited in the le of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 10 Number Name Date 1,030,936 Soss July 2, 1912 1,269,403 Dianovszky June 11, 1918 2,089,408 North Aug. 10, 1937 2,596,816 Lieberman May 13, 1952 

